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One type is known today as eddic (or eddaic) poetry, after the so-called Poetic Edda (a collective name for poetry of this kind). In fact those settlers brought with them two distinct styles or types of strophic poetry. 5 The transformation was more or less complete by the time written records begin and it was oral poetry of the strophic type that was carried from Norway to Iceland in the ninth and tenth centuries by the country's earliest Scandinavian settlers. In Scandinavia, however, for reasons that have never been fully understood, this ancestral stichic poetry came to be articulated in strophes already in preliterate times. Beowulf (from eighth-century Anglo-Saxon England) and the Hildebrandslied (from eighth-century Germany) are both stichic. In earliest Germanic times, this traditional oral poetry seems to have been stichic, not strophic, i.e., it was through-composed like modern blank verse, not broken up into strophic or stanzaic units.
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These forms are the descendants of the ancient oral poetry practiced by all pre-literate Germanic peoples and mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus as early as ca. Strophic FormsĪbout half of Jónas's poetry is composed in strophic forms without end-rhyme.
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Formal Features of Jónas Hallgrímsson's Poetry and the Present Verse Translations 1.